Internet & Society Essay Example for Free

Web Society Essay The world is changing and numerous new advances are being grown constantly. Our every day life is influenced by these changes. The progressions will turn out to be quicker in future. Web is one most significant consequence of evolving advancements. It has become a piece of our day by day life. Each new innovation has its own belongings. Some of them are certain and some might be negative. We should stay away from the negative impacts. Innovation ought to be utilized in a positive way, else it will demolish us. Web is an astounding making of the innovation. The entire world is influenced by it and all individuals are straightforwardly or by implication related with it. Web is very useful for various people. Understudies take help of web for their schoolwork. Speculators use web for the data about stocks. Game fans watch score and insights. Web has replaced TV. Today web is same as the TV in 1940-50s. Web is more helpful and profitable than TV. Be that as it may, it isn't workable for each individual to utilize the web. Web likewise made an impact on the print media and it is progressively supplanting the print media on the grounds that a magazine or paper can be distributed requiring little to no effort on the web. There is no need of ink and paper on the web and less specialists are required. That’s why print media is exploiting web. Web is the fundamental purpose for the upheaval in the public eye. Due to the web, correspondence between the various nations, social orders, networks got conceivable. Before the web innovation there was no other correspondence framework being so immense to communicate the thoughts and the emotions. Through web information, voice, and video correspondence is conceivable. For the most part individuals abstain from addressing obscure individual. Web has demonstrated extremely helpful for such sort of individuals, since they talk with individuals without indicating their age, looks and class. Individuals find numerous companions through the web. Numerous open locales give this office. Individuals can increase numerous companions through these locales. Numerous youngsters are procuring cash with the assistance of web by web structuring, game development, filling in as an independent essayist. It implies web gives numerous chances to the individuals. Web has contracted the world. Today every nation is associated with another nation with the assistance of web. Individuals of one nation or society are getting comfortable with the way of life of another nation or society. With the assistance of web the individuals who have information got their situation in the general public. At present internet shopping has gotten exceptionally well known. Individuals are purchasing items from their home with the assistance of the web. Individuals purchase items requiring little to no effort from the web as contrast with showcase since organizations can set aside cash of shops and laborers in web based shopping. Joined state based organization Amazon. com is the best case of web based shopping organization. Individuals can discover every single thing at lower cost on this site. As of late a few organizations have permitted their representatives to work at home with the assistance of web since work environment has gotten extremely upsetting and the contamination likewise expanded in some last years. This is exceptionally profitable in light of the fact that an individual can set aside cash and time by telecommuting. The Internet gives the right to speak freely of discourse. The individuals who don’t have boldness can pass on their thoughts with the assistance of web with no dread. With the assistance of web presently individuals are universally associated. An individual can speak with the individual of other piece of the word whenever through web. Presently individuals are associated socially and expertly by the utilization of web. Web is truly appropriate and reasonable mechanism of correspondence. Today we can put in a request just by click a catch. Presently we can book inns, flights and train tickets on the web. Web made the correspondence simple. Presently we can speak with the assistance of email, video conferencing, texting, and Voice over Internet Proxy (VoIP). Individuals can without much of a stretch get data with the assistance of web on the grounds that there is an immense database on the web related with each article. Individuals are securing positions with the assistance of web. We can submit numerous structures on the web, which spares time. On web we can conclude what news or data we need to peruse. Web is additionally assuming a significant job in the field of diversion. We can play numerous games and understand puzzles. Melodies can be listened on the web and we can watch recordings on web. There are some awful impacts additionally, as a result of the web on the general public. Erotic entertainment is a terrible impact of the web. Sexual material is effectively accessible on web and society is tolerating this material decisively. In view of this enthusiasm of the individuals in sex is expanding step by step. Accordingly, sex-related violations are expanding constantly. In view of the web a great deal of employments have been lost, in light of the fact that few individuals are required to run a webpage. On account of the web based shopping individuals don't leave their home. This is a purpose for the numerous sicknesses, for example, weight. Internet shopping isn't useful for the nearby economy in light of the fact that the vast majority of these web based shopping locales are universal. Web isn't generally solid, in light of the fact that there is a danger of breaking the security. There is everything is as double data. On web we are subject to others for our security. We can not without a doubt ensure our data. With the assistance of information mining our data can be burglary. Copyright issue has become an incredible issue now days. Personality of an individual can be robbery with the assistance of web. There are numerous other awful impacts of the web, for example, meeting with the individuals whom you met web based, giving individual data to a total more interesting, giving incorrectly data. An individual can be effectively cheated by the web. Numerous fear mongers are utilizing web innovation for correspondence by utilizing an off-base location. Youngster sex entertainment, charge card fakes, surveillance, web based following, kidnappings are some other awful impacts of the web on the general public. Presently it very well may be said that it relies upon us how web influences society. Web can be demonstrated exceptionally helpful on the off chance that we use it a positive way. Numerous laws are made for forestalling web wrongdoings, however these violations are still there. There is a need of requirement of these laws. Web can be helpful for the general public. It is the best vehicle of correspondence and it tends to be said a decent stage for communicating your thoughts. There are a great deal of changes in the general public as a result of the web. Web upgraded the status of the living. Today data and training about the protected utilization of PC has gotten significant. There are numerous detriments of the web, however I think it has truly improved our lives.There is a need of instruction and authorization of the laws. References Cole J. I. The Impact of the Internet on Our Social,Political and Economic Life. The UCCLA Center for correspondence Policy. 2000. Cuizon, G. Web Crime: How Does It Affect Our Society?. April 15, 2008. Recovered February 24, 2009 from http://www. socyberty. com/Crime/Internet-Crime-How-Does-It-Affect-Our-Society. 109754 Nie, N. Investigation of social Consequences of the Internet. Stanford Institute of the Quantitative Study of Society (SIQSS). 2000. Upsides and downsides of the Internet in todays society. Recovered February 24, 2009 from http://www. helium. com/things/779510-upsides and downsides of-the-web in-todays-society Purdy, R. The Internet-Boon or Detriment to Society? Recovered February 24, 2009 from http://iml. jou. ufl. edu/ventures/STUDENTS/Purdy/INDEX. HTM Rajani, M. K. Chandio, M. S. Utilization of Internet and its consequences for our Society. Recovered February 24, 2009 from http://www. szabist. edu. pk/ncet2004/Docs/Session%20VIII%20Paper%20No%202%20(P%20157-161). pdf The Internets Effect on Society. November 19, 2001. Recovered February 24, 2009 from http://www. bbc. co. uk/dna/h2g2/A650684

Amsterdam Company Essay

Question 2 Introduced beneath is data identified with Rembrandt Inc.’s stock. (per unit)SkisBootsParkas Verifiable Cost273.79152.7576.37 Selling Price312.70208.95106.27 Cost to distribute27.3811.533.60 Current substitution cost292.52151.3173.49 Ordinary benefit margin46.1141.7930.62 Decide the accompanying: Question 3 Matlock Company utilizes a ceaseless stock framework. Its starting stock comprises of 67 units that cost $40 each. During June, the organization bought 202 units at $40 each, returned 8 units for credit, and sold 168 units at $67 each. Journalize the June exchanges. Question 4 Amsterdam Company utilizes an intermittent stock framework. For April, when the organization sold 700 units, the accompanying data is accessible. Figure the April 30 stock and the April cost of products sold utilizing the normal cost strategy. Question 5 Amsterdam Company utilizes an occasional stock framework. For April, when the organization sold 600 units, the accompanying data is accessible. Register the April 30 stock and the April cost of merchandise sold utilizing the FIFO technique. Question 6 (FIFO, LIFO, Average Cost Inventory) Esplanade Company was shaped on December 1, 2011. The accompanying data is accessible from Esplanade’s stock records for Product BAP. PurchasesUnitsUnit Cost January 1, 2012(beginning inventory)7628.00 January 5, 20121,5249.00 January 25, 20121,65110.00 February 16, 20121,06111.00 Walk 26, 201276212.00 A physical stock on March 31, 2012, shows 2,032 units close by. Get ready calendars to register the closure stock at March 31, 2012, under every one of the accompanying stock strategies. Accept Esplanade Company utilizes the occasional stock strategy. Question 7 Floyd Corporation has the accompanying four things in its consummation stock. Decide the last lower of cost or market stock an incentive for every thing. Question 8 Kumar Inc. utilizes an interminable stock framework. At January 1, 2013, stock was $320,786 at both expense and market esteem. At December 31, 2013, the stock was $428,714 at cost and $403,231 at advertise esteem. Set up the important December 31 passage under: Question 9 Boyne Inc. had starting stock of $15,000 at cost and $25,000 at retail. Net buys were $150,000 at cost and $212,500 at retail. Net markups were $12,500; net markdowns were $8,750; and deals were $196,250. Register finishing stock at cost utilizing the regular retail technique. Question 10 (Net Profit Method) Astaire Company utilizes the gross benefit strategy to appraise stock for month to month detailing purposes. Introduced underneath is data for the month of May. Question 11 Previn Brothers Inc. bought land at a cost of $30,400. Shutting costs were $1,820. An old structure was evacuated at an expense of $14,850. What sum ought to be recorded as the expense of the land? Question 12 Garcia Corporation bought a truck by giving a $108,000, 4-year, zero-enthusiasm bearing note to Equinox Inc. The market pace of enthusiasm for commitments of this nature is 10%. Set up the diary passage to record the acquisition of this truck. Question 13 Mohave Inc. bought land, building, and gear from Laguna Corporation for a money installment of $352,800. The evaluated reasonable estimations of the benefits are land $67,200, building $246,400, and gear $89,600. At what sums should every one of the three resources be recorded? Question 14 Defender Company acquired land by giving 2,000 portions of its $12 standard worth basic stock. The land was as of late assessed at $103,700. The normal stock is effectively exchanged at $50 per share. Set up the diary section to record the procurement of the land. Question 15 Navajo Corporation exchanged a pre-owned truck (cost $23,600, collected deterioration $21,240) for a little PC worth $4,366. Navajo additionally paid $1,180 in the exchange. Set up the diary passage to record the trade. Question 16 Mehta Company exchanged a pre-owned welding machine (cost $10,080, collected deterioration $3,360) for office gear with an expected reasonable estimation of $5,600. Mehta likewise paid $3,360 money in the exchange. Set up the diary section to record the trade. Question 17 Devaluation is typically figured based on the closest A). entire month and to the closest dollar. B). day and to the closest penny. C). day and to the closest dollar. D). entire month and to the closest penny. Question 18 Fernandez Corporation bought a truck toward the start of 2012 for $54,180. The truck is evaluated to have a rescue estimation of $2,580 and a helpful existence of 206,400 miles. It was traveled 29,670 miles in 2012 and 39,990 miles in 2013. Figure devaluation cost for 2012 and 2013. Question 19 Lockhard Company bought apparatus on January 1, 2012, for $79,200. The apparatus is assessed to have a rescue estimation of $7,920 after a helpful existence of 8 years. (a) Compute 2012 deterioration cost utilizing the twofold declining balance technique. (b) Compute 2012 devaluation cost utilizing the twofold declining balance strategy expecting the apparatus was bought on October 1, 2012. Question 20 Jurassic Company claims apparatus that cost $1,145,700 and has aggregated devaluation of $458,280. The normal future net incomes from the utilization of the benefit are relied upon to be $636,500. The reasonable estimation of the gear is $509,200. Set up the diary passage, assuming any, to record the disability misfortune. Question 21 Everly Corporation secures a coal mineshaft at an expense of $501,600. Impalpable improvement costs complete $125,400. After extraction has happened, Everly should reestablish the property (assessed reasonable estimation of the commitment is $100,320), after which it tends to be sold for $200,640. Everly appraises that 5,016 tons of coal can be extricated. In the event that 878 tons are separated the primary year, set up the diary section to record consumption. Question 22 Francis Corporation bought a benefit at an expense of $58,200 on March 1, 2012. The benefit has a helpful existence of 8 years and a rescue estimation of $5,820. For charge purposes, the MACRS class life is 5 years. Figure charge devaluation for every year 2012â€2017. Question 23 Celine Dion Corporation buys a patent from Salmon Company on January 1, 2012, for $50,820. The patent has a staying legitimate existence of 16 years. Celine Dion feels the patent will be helpful for a long time. Plan Celine Dion’s diary sections to record the acquisition of the patent and 2012 amortization. Question 24 Karen Austin Corporation has promoted programming expenses of $768,500, and deals of this item the primary year totaled $390,630. Karen Austin envisions procuring $911,470 in extra future incomes from this item, which is evaluated to have a financial existence of 4 years. Register the measure of programming cost amortization for the main year. (a) Compute the measure of programming cost amortization for the principal year utilizing the percent of income approach. (b) Compute the measure of programming cost amortization for the primary year utilizing the straight-line approach. Question 25 Jeff Beck is a rancher who possesses land which verges on the option to proceed of the Northern Railroad. On August 10, 2012, because of the conceded carelessness of the Railroad, roughage on the homestead was determined to fire and consumed. Beck had a debate with the Railroad for quite a while concerning the responsibility for little package of land. The delegate of the Railroad has offered to dole out any rights which the Railroad may have in the land to Beck in return for an arrival of his entitlement to repayment for the misfortune he has supported from the fire. Beck seems slanted to acknowledge the Railroad’s offer. The Railroad’s 2012 budget summaries ought to incorporate the accompanying identified with the episode: A). acknowledgment of a misfortune as it were. B). formation of an obligation as it were. C). divulgence in note structure as it were. D). acknowledgment of a misfortune and formation of an obligation for the estimation of the land. Question 26 Roley Corporation utilizes an intermittent stock framework and the gross technique for representing buy limits. On July 1, Roley bought $66,000 of stock, terms 2/10, n/30, FOB delivering point. Roley paid cargo expenses of $1,210. On July 3, Roley returned harmed merchandise and got credit of $6,600. On July 10, Roley paid for the products. Set up all important diary passages for Roley. Question 27 Takemoto Corporation obtained $93,000 on November 1, 2012, by marking a $95,093, 3-month, zero-enthusiasm bearing note. Get ready Takemoto’s November 1, 2012, section; the December 31, 2012, yearly changing passage; and the February 1, 2013, passage. (For different charge/credit en attempts, list sums from biggest to littlest, for example 10, 8, 6. Round all responses to 0 decimal spots, for example 11,150.) Question 28 Whiteside Corporation issues $629,000 of 9% bonds, due in 14 years, with intrigue payable semiannually. At the hour of issue, the yearly market rate for such securities is 10%. Process the issue cost of the bonds.(Use the current worth tables in the content. Question 29 Indiana Jones Company goes into a 6-year rent of hardware on January 1, 2012, which requires 6 yearly installments of $37,560 each, starting January 1, 2012. What's more, the resident ensures a remaining estimation of $20,870 at rent end. The hardware has a helpful existence of 6 years. Expect that for Lost Ark Company, the lessor, collectibility is sensibly unsurprising, there are no significant vulnerabilities concerning costs, and the conveying measure of the apparatus is $191,722. Plan Lost Ark’s January 1, 2012, diary passages. Question 30 On January 1, 2012, Irwin Animation offered a truck to Peete Finance for $26,050 and promptly rented it back. The truck was carried on Irwin’s books at $20,800. The term of the rent is 5 years, and title moves to Irwin at rent end. The rent requires five equivalent rental installments of $7,048 toward the finish of every year. The proper pace of intrigue is 11%, and the truck has a helpful existence of 5 years with no rescue esteem. Get ready Irwin’s 2012 diary passages.

Key Factors of Program Evaluation an Example of the Topic Science and Technology Essays by

Key Factors of Program Evaluation Assessment is a procedure that is viewed as basic particularly to gatherings or associations that are overseeing a task or program. It decides the value of the venture, just as evaluates whether the objectives of the program are being met (Trochim, 2006). Aftereffects of assessment are utilized as reason for enhancements for the individuals associated with the program so as to pick up benefits and limit misfortune (Love, 1991). Accordingly, factors that may influence the program assessment ought to be mulled over. Need paper test on Key Factors of Program Evaluation point? We will compose a custom article test explicitly for you Continue There are a few factors that may influence the assessment of the program. One of them is the demeanor towards assessment. In case of an outside assessment, apathy with respect to respondents may influence that outcomes which may not be of any assistance to the association. It might even prompt stagnation instead of progress, as detachment could mean absence of earnestness and blurred truth (Kozak et al, 2006). Another factor is the financing wellspring of a program assessment. Tremendously supported assessments are regularly better than those finished with lesser store available to the associations. With additional in financial terms, all things required for a productive program assessment might be effectively gotten. Thusly, a subsidizing source which isn't monetarily solid in all angles or an association under exacting spending plan may not accomplish results that a monetarily steady assessment may accomplish (Kozak et al, 2006). The third factor is methodological troubles. Things like failure to decipher information, low reaction rate, and trouble in obtaining contact data are under this heading. It must be stressed that even with willing respondents for assessment; results which are not appropriately deciphered are as yet considered as an exercise in futility. Then again, even with truly fit outcome translators, low turn-out of reactions will render the assessment as not so much feasible (Kozak et al, 2006). The last key factor in program assessment is the motivating force or prize. Through the possibility of a decent return of speculation, particularly in an inside program assessment setting, respondents may readily experience assessment. With the information on it being of incredible assistance to the improvement of the undertaking or program and accomplishment of the proposed objectives, reaction rates may increment. In that capacity, the assessment will be a triumph with positive coordinated effort between assessment experts and respondents (Kozak et. al., 2006). It might then be said that few variables may influence a program assessment from numerous points of view. These variables may lead either to an unpleasant consummation or a productive achievement. With the previous, improvement plans might be put to a requirement; while with the last mentioned, it might be sought after and the ultimate objectives might be met. References Kozak, R., Morford, S., Suvedi, M. (2006). Components Affecting Program Evaluation Behaviors of Natural Resource Extension Practitioners-Motivation and Capacity Building. Diary of Extension, 44. Love, A.J. (1991). Inside Evaluation: Building Organizations from Within. California: SAGE Trochim, M.K. (2006). Prologue to Evaluation. Web Center for Research Methods.

Impact Of Financial Accessibility On Smes Performance Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Department of Statistics, Malaysia and Bank Negara Malaysia stated that only 13.4% of SMEs sought for banking institutions loans. Although Government SMEs Annual Report 2009/10 declared that up to 78% of approval rate was achieved in SMEs financing through banking institutions in Year 2009, it doesnt show a whole picture of SMEs financing accessibility in Malaysia. It is argued that various financing constraints imposed by banks limit the opportunities; hence, this research seeks to obtain insight into demand-side issues (e.g. firm size, business pervious performance) in financial inaccessibility faced by SMEs in Malaysia. Additionally, this research will further evaluate the impact of financial inaccessibility on SMEs performance. Government provides various financial supports in assisting SMEs as SMEs is the one of the main agent of national growth. Thus, this paper also aims to access the effectiveness of government financial support towards SMEs performance. Research Title: The Impact of Financial Accessibility on SMEs Performance Research Question: How does Financial Inaccessibility affecting SMEs Performance? Research Objectives: To examine the indicators of business performance measurement of SMEs To access the constraints faced by SMEs in accessing external sources of finance To evaluate how financial constraints imposed by banks affect SMEs performance To determine the successfulness of government programs in supporting SMEs financing accessibility and business performance To recommend SMEs on possible ways to obtain financing support in order to improve business performance INTRODUCTION SMEs have been recognized as the backbone of the economy as they are the core contributor of employment and growth. In Malaysia, approximate 99% of total business establishments are accounted by SMEs (NSDC, 2010). SMEs are defined based on two criteria: Total sales turnover per annum and Number of full-time employees employed by the company. It is further interpreted according to sectors, where in manufacturing sectors, the sales revenue of less than RM25million or full-time employee of less than 150; whilst in services and other sectors, sales revenue of less than RM5million or full-time employees of less than 50 will be classified as SMEs (NSDC, 2010). Albeit there is a large segment of research literature contributed to the advancement of knowledge from the perspective of SMEs business performance (Jane Beamish, 2001; Sousa et al., 2006) and financial accessibility (Beck Demirguc-Kunt, 2006; Irwin Scott, 2010), most of the findings are inconclusive. Besides that, only limited studies examined the relationship between financial accessibility and business performance in Malaysia, thus this paper aims to contribute to the existing pool of knowledge through demonstrating the impact of financial accessibility on SMEs performance in Malaysia. BUSINESS PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT In the 1980s and 1990s, the development of performance measurement had successfully migrated from a merely financial indicator towards more integrative dimensions (Ampuero et al., 1998). Despite of the evolution of non-financial performance measurement, financial performance measurement remains the fundamental tool, especially in SMEs (Kellen, 2003). Reviewing existing literature (Ahmed, 2004; Sousa et al., 2006; Chavan, 2009), its suggested that a combination use of financial and non-financial performance measures may assist the owners in collecting the whole picture throughout the organization (Azofra, Prieto Alicia, 2003). Hence, Balanced Scorecard approach will be implemented in this study in measuring business performance. It measures both financial and non-financial performance derived from the organizations vision and strategy (Chavan, 2009), including financial, customer, internal processes and, learning and growth needs. Kaplan Norton (1996a) the founder of Balanced Score card approach, asserted that this model is a truly strategic control system that puts strategy and vision at the centre (Atkinson, 2006). Figure 1: The Balanced Scorecard approach Source: Using the balanced scorecard as a strategic management system by Kaplan, R.S. and Norton, D.P. (1996a); cited in Strategy implementation: a role for the balanced scorecard? by Atkinson H., 2006. SOURCES OF FINANCE According to Cosh Hughes (2000), majority SMEs experienced rapid growth rates and funding shortages during their embryonic years (cited in Junjie et al., 2008). During this period, most of the entrepreneurs choose to adopt pecking order financing preferences, where they prefer to use internal rather than external finance and choose debt rather than equity (Junjie et al., 2008; Irwin Scott, 2010). Therefore it is not a surprise when Beck Demirguc-Kunt (2006) found that SMEs have smaller share of their investments with formal external sources of finance. Beck Demirguc-Kunt (2006) further evaluated that this phenomenon is more significant in developing countries as a result of market failure and low involvement of banks. Moreover, an empirical evidence by Junjie et al. (2008) stressed that throughout the business cycle, over 65% of entrepreneurs relied on internal sources at the start-up phase; as business expand, about 80% keen on borrowing from the debt market, whilst less than 2% approach equity sources as first choice. In fact, majority of the SMEs concerned on paying higher interest rates or providing higher securities (Weiss, 2008), other than reluctant to give up their independence and control, therefore forced to bear higher agency costs due to the expropriate wealth from lenders (Berger Udell, 1998; Jordan et al., 1998, cited in Junjie et al., 2008). FINANCIAL INACCESSIBILITY Figure 2: Sources of Financing for SMEs in Malaysia Source: Department of Statistics, Malaysia and Bank Negara Malaysia [cited in Ooi, 2010]. Figure 3 showed that only 13.4% of Malaysia SMEs sought for loans from banking institutions. However, according to Holmes et al. (1994) [cited in Rozali et al., 2006] this phenomenon is because of the limited debt funding opportunities for SMEs, which further interpreted by Kotey (1999) stating that the financing constraints are mainly imposed by banks (cited in Irwin Scott, 2010). 4.1 FACTOR ONE: FIRM SIZE Junjie et al. (2008) indicated that most of the problems related to financing arise predominantly in SMEs. This statement is proved by other researchers whom reported that there is a direct relationship between firm size and financing accessibility (Berry et al., 2003; Beck, Asli Maksimovic, 2005; Beck Demirguc-Kunt, 2006; North et al., 2008; Torre et al., 2010). This behavior is criticized by Binks et al. (2006) as the finance gap leads to competitiveness disadvantage and failure in exploiting business opportunity. In contrast, Berry et al. (2003) interpreted from banks position that increases in firm size allows greater diversification of risks, which provide higher safeguards toward banks. 4.2 FACTOR TWO: CAPITAL ASSETS OWNED Today, SMEs face with various financing constraints from banks (Kotey, 1999; cited in Irwin Scott, 2010), yet banks remain the prime source of external SMEs finance (Keasey Watson, 1994, cited in Irwin Scott, 2010; Cosh Hughes, 2000, cited in Junjie et al., 2008; Fraser, 2006). Banks adopted different lending approaches, some banks tend to look forward to future earnings from the repayment of the loan and interests, known as going-concern approach; in contrast some banks preferred gone-concern approach which tend to have security-based lending approach (Berry et al., 2003). Generally, banks prefer security-based lending approach, where the decision standard is much depends on the collateral provided by the assets (Jordan et al., 1998; cited in Junjie et al., 2008). Hence, in general terms, industries with high tangible asset holdings (e.g. manufacturing-based industry) are expected to access to greater finance compare with sectors associated with intangible assets (e.g. service-b ased industry) (Joensen McMahon, 2005; Junjie et al., 2008). 4.3 FACTOR THREE: PREVIOUS PERFROMANCE Van der Wijst Thuriks research (1993) showed that debt ratio is highly affected by the previous business performance (cited in Joensen McMahon, 2005). This opinion is further supported by North et al. (2008) verifying that previous trading record and collateral evidence play more important roles than the presentation of business plans and financial projections. However nowadays, banks emphasized more on future economic conditions instead of previous performance and historical values (Weiss, 2008). This turning point has become more significant especially after the Economic Crisis, as according to Weiss (2008) a slowdown or shrinking in the economy not only deduce the number of profitable investments, but also increase the risks of borrowings. 4.4 FACOTR FOUR: INFORMATION ASYMMETRY In particular, several existing studies drew the relationship between banks and SMEs on information asymmetry problems (Lean Tucker, 2000; cited in North et al., 2008). On the banks viewpoints, this perceived constraint is mainly caused by lack of historical performance data and the exacerbated judgments as entrepreneurs possess a considerable informational advantage about their businesses; besides the unwillingness to disclose full information of the business plans to avoid exploitation by others (North et al., 2008). This behavior may lead to the rejection of short-term and long-term loan application from banks, which might trouble SMEs future development and growth (Keasey Watson, 1994; cited in Irwin Scott, 2010). On the other hand, as SMEs are not required statutory on audited financial statements (Junjie et al., 2008), it is hard for them to convey quality and build up reputation in overcoming the information opacity surrounding their activities (Berger Udell, 1998). This s ituation is particularly undermines lending from banks which always require transparent information (Torre et al. , 2010). AUTHOR(s) FINDINGS RELATIONSHIPS between FINANCIAL ACCESSIBILITY and BUSINESS PERFORMANCE Cressy (1996) The study demonstrated that the true determinant of survival is human capital and the correlation between financial capital and survival is spurious. Negative Junjie, Jining Catherine (2008) The research showed that majority SMEs experienced rapid growth rates and funding shortages during their embryonic years. Negative Schiffer Weder (2001) The literature summarized that Financing obstacle is the most important summary obstacle to growth. Positive Beck, Asli Maksimovic (2005) The study found that the failure in accessing long-term loans is not significantly correlated with business performance. Negative North, Baldock, Ekanem, Deakins, Whittam Wyper (2008) The survey indicated that almost one third of the respondents unable to go ahead with the proposed projects in any form as a result of financial inaccessibility. Positive Irwin Scott (2010) The research highlighted that majority of the entrepreneurs give up their business due to the difficulties in raising finance. PositiveTable 1: The relationship between financial accessibility and business performance from existing literature With the existing literature in examining the relationship between financial accessibility and business performance, the following hypotheses are developed. H1: There is no association between financial inaccessibility and SMEs business performance. H2: There is an association between financial inaccessibility and SMEs business performance. GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES Tracing back the history of large companies, it is not difficult to found that majority of them started up as SMEs before achieving today successes. Hence, SMEs Masterplan has been drafted to support the New Economic Model and the Tenth Malaysia Plan in the next 10 years (2011-2020) (NSDC, 2010). Due to the low SMEs contribution to national GDP (31%) compared with other countries, Malaysia government launched out SME Annual Report 2009/10 themed Transformation to the New Economic Model, aimed to achieve the quantum leap in GDP growth (NSDC, 2010). Numerous programs and schemes are launched with the objective to foster the SMEs development (Abdullah, 1999); one of them is financial and credit assistance. The approval rate for SMEs financing via banking institutions was up to 78% in 2009 (RM50.9 billion to 140,141 SME accounts), and rose further to 80% in the first half of 2010 (NSDC, 2010). Meanwhile, incremental on annual GDP contributed by SMEs by 40% (NSDC, 2010) resulting government viewed that the up-going trend as the outcome of their comprehensive policies. However, according to Abdullah (1999), a large proportion of respondents did not gain access to the government support programs, whilst majority of those who gained the support did not enjoy the assistance. Thus, Abdullah stressed that although government stated its commitment and interests in SMEs programs, the intention does not turn into effective action. With the background information, hypotheses are developed to access the effectiveness and successfulness of government financial policies in assisting SMEs growth. H3: There is no association between government financial programs and SMEs performance. H4: There is an association between government financial programs and SMEs performance. PROJECT STRATEGY Before evaluating the research paper, secondary data document review is conducted with the aim to obtain a background and history of the research topic The impact of financial accessibility on SMEs performance. From the review, it is found that majority of the SMEs faced financial accessibility problems, for instance Australia (Johnsen McMahon, 2005), UK (Beck Demirguc-Kunt, 2006), Scottish (North et a;., 2008), China (Junjie et al., 2008), etc. The approach to this research involved gathering data via self-administered questionnaire survey, enabling the researcher to describe and measure the phenomena at a point of time and to determine the causality to make if-then statements. Three types of measurement scales are used in the questionnaire, including nominal, ordinal and scale. Non-probability convenience and quota sampling are implemented due to the time and cost restrictions. The questionnaire which consisted of five main sections: Personal details, Company background, Business performance measurement, Financial accessibility, and Government financial initiatives, is distributed to targeted respondents, whom are entrepreneurs/managers of 150 SMEs in two states of Malaysia through mail or personal. The limited geographical areas are Penang and Perak, representing industrialized area (Penang) and non-industrialized area (Perak) in Malaysia, with the purpose to obtain comparative samples. During the stage of questionnaire d esign, pre-test study will be conducted and the feedback are revise with the aim to achieve reliability and validity on the final version of questionnaire. The data collected will be analyzed using the SPSS software. Research ethics is defined as the application of moral rules and professional codes in collection, analysis, reporting and publication of information about research subjects (Dictionary of Sociology, 1998). The respondents will be informed that the questionnaire survey is under voluntary nature of participation. A written consent is not always necessary, for example, in questionnaire surveys, completing and returning the questionnaire form to the researcher can itself be interpreted as implied consent to participate (Finnish Social Science Data Archive, 2008). Yet the researcher has the responsible in ensuring the respondents are under comprehension of consent when involving in questionnaire survey. As it is under voluntary basis, the respondents have the rights to withdraw from the study anytime if the feel discomfort or stress in answering the questions. Indeed the primary data collection in bulk is with minimal sensitiveness and the intent of characterizing populations instead of individual respondents (Seltzer, 2003); some of the respondents worry that the confidential data provided will be access by third parties. As a researcher, I will treat the information given as strictly confidential and ensure that the personal privacy will be maintained. The data will be collected under anonymity basis, personal details such as personal identity numbers, names, address and telephone numbers are not required. These ethics are believed will help in smoothen the data collection process. In conclusion, other than a well-designed questionnaire, attitude and ethics when approaching the respondents play important roles.

My Vacation At Wheeling W. Virginia And We Rent A Massive...

Every few years my family takes a trip to Oglebay Park in Wheeling W. Virginia and we rent a massive cabin that sleep about ___ people. The special thing about this trip is that my mother s entire side of the family goes on this vacation. Now everyone had their favorite things to do on the trip - from cooking and eating meals together, to visiting one of the indoor or outdoor pools, to fishing, playing golf, or hiking the mountain paths. However, my favorite activity is playing cards as often as possible. The first time we went to Oglebay Park wasn’t always a good time at the table because that was when I was taught. When I played the first hand, I was my father’s partner. For those of you who don’t know, there are a few things that you seldom, make that never - according to my father - do when playing euchre. One of them is trumping your partner’s ace when it is already taking the point! Well, after I did that for the third time unnecessarily, he said - a nd I quote (both his words and his tone), â€Å"Trent! How can somebody so smart, be so so (pause) stinking STUPID. Well, regardless of this traumatic experience which you can tell (soft sad voice) has scarred me for life, I actually do enjoy playing cards. In fact, I enjoy it so much I did some homework on cards in general and thought I would take a few minutes and share some of what I discovered. While the average person might not realize how important cards are they affect our lives more than we can imagine. Because when youShow MoreRelatedMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesdecades. I hope you will find this new edition a worthy successor to earlier editions. I think this may even be my best book. The new Google and Starbucks cases should arouse keen student interest, and may even inspire another generation of entrepreneurs. A fair number of the older cases have faced significant changes in the last few years, for better or for worse, and these we have captured to add to learning insights. After so many years of investigating mistakes, and more recently successes

Are Women Portrayed in the Media - 1366 Words

#20 Professor: Guarracino English 1101-135 10 April 2012 Are Women portrayed in the media? The highlight on the latter raises a larger question about the radicalized sexual images of women today. It is most likely the society that is bombarded by the media’s usage of advertisements, television, billboards, magazines and internet. We are surrounded by the images that most people don’t have. Reality shows and entertainment are emulated and are the common choices for teens today. They may seem like harmless amusing entertainment but take a closer look, and you’ll see that the way women are portrayed is far from the truth. This may seems to be a successful marketing tool for several sources but its ways of showing malicious actions.†¦show more content†¦In a world where there are differences even within a race, reality show producers seem to find women who are loud and obnoxious. It is not the image of the strong, women who has pride in herself. It is all women who are just showing off for entertainment’s sake. Every day the world is braine d washed by the media’s usage of television reality shows. A prime example of this negative stereotype was a full display on VH1’s â€Å"Flavor of Love.† On this show, Flavor Flav gets to pick from multitude of ghetto fabulous women. Such as â€Å"New York† aka Tiffany Pollard who was found desperate for fame and began to make her show. Although you would think that she would consider herself a young successful woman, she is portrayed. New York is made to seem as an unintelligent, vulgar, rude, and overtly sexual woman. These are stereotypes of what people believe to be true about young women. It is known to people that a woman is somebody who has excess sexuality spilling out all over the place. This is what they put on television to have women to mimic and emulate. For women to be portrayed in this way has many consequences, for images that they view in everyday life shape the way they think. Viewing television and mostly reality show’s has a wom en being portrayed in an overtly sexual manner, once may not have serious effect on a person but does indeed shape a person’s mind to view women with much less respect than they would fancy. Unfortunately, media hasShow MoreRelatedHow Are Women Portrayed in the Media?700 Words   |  3 PagesQ1. How are women portrayed in the New Zealand media? -Consider Bonds advert -Jane Jetson info, Source 19 -NZ Stats/ examples †What is generic is replaceable. With youth and beauty, then the working woman is visible, but insecure, made to feel her qualities are not unique. But, without them, she is invisible-she falls literally ‘out of the picture’†-Beauty Myth Not only women but all people are constantly pigeonholed into categories within the media, people are categorized and prejudicedRead MoreHow Women Are Portrayed in Media6769 Words   |  28 PagesCommon female stereotypes found in the media have a powerful influence over how society views women and how women view themselves. What is the media portrayal of women today and how does this impact how young girls perceive themselves? With programs such as The Bachelor and Flavor of Love showing a dozen women competing for the attention of one man, often using their sexuality, magazine ads displaying a half-naked female body to sell a fragrance or cosmetic product, and television commercials highlightingRead MoreHow Women are Portrayed in the Mass Media Skinny. Sexy. Obedient. Ditzy. Perfect.800 Words   |  4 PagesHow Women are Portrayed in the Mass Media Skinny. Sexy. Obedient. Ditzy. Perfect. Submissive. This is how women are portrayed is this how women really are? Mass media is always sending out messages of how women should act, look, and think. Mass media portrays women in many fictitious ways. Women are frequently seen as sexual objects in order to sell things, attract others, for entertainment and a variety of other things. Many female celebrities such as models, actors, and singers are very slimRead MoreOnly 5% of women in the United States naturally posses the body type portrayed in the media.( )1100 Words   |  5 PagesOnly 5% of women in the United States naturally posses the body type portrayed in the media.( ) Everyday young women and teens are surrounded by media, whether its magazines, television, radio, or newspapers. The media has a big impact on our every day lives and can take a negative toll. Teens and young women look up to the women that they see and hear about in media. They see different haircuts, outfits, and different body types that influence them, and the people in charge of media know this.Read MoreThe Portrayal Of Women During The Arab World1651 Words   |  7 PagesThe portrayal of women in the media is a global phenomenon that many nations, countries and cultures struggle to find equality in the portrayal of gender throughout media systems. The Middle East and the Arab World is no exception to this phenomenon, recognizing and contributing to the negatively portrayed images of Arab women represented in the global mass media. For my research paper, I chose to focus on how women in the Arab World are breaking boundaries of these negative stereotypical imagesRead MoreGender Stereotypes In Mulan1673 Words   |  7 PagesThe way that groups are represented in the media often has a significant impact on how these groups are viewed in reality. 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According to the UnitedRead MoreTodays Unrealistic Body Expectations1311 Words   |  5 PagesModern society portrays good looking men to have broad shoulders, toned arms, six-pack abs, and a small waist while good looking women are viewed to have the characteristics of being slim and fit, having a small waist, lean hips, and perfect skin complexion. As a result, many people are affected by our own societys portrayals of good looking men and women that they feel pressured into doing whatever it takes and going through extreme measures, most of the time, spending countless hours in the gymRead MoreFeminism And Its Impact On Women s Rights958 Words   |  4 Pagesthey could be. Feminism in refer to a collection of movements and opinions that share a common goal including to define, create, and achieve equal rights for women in social, economic, cultural and political dimensions (Berger, 2013). 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Nymphs Reply free essay sample

In the two poems, The Passionate Shepherd to His Love and The Nymphs Reply, shows love in different ways. These differences are showed mostly through the tone and point of view. In The Passionate Shepherd to His Love the tone of the writer was shown as passionate, committed and happy. The shepherds swains shall dance and sing / For thy delight each May morning / If these delights thy mind may move, / Then live with me and be my love(Marlowe 21-24). In this poem, the tone of the Shepherd was filled with happy and positive emotions.The Shepherds tone was pappy because he was expressing his feelings of his love to the Nymph that he Just wanted to sing, dance, and enjoy the rest of his life with her. He also added that he was looking towards a brighter future with the Nymph by showing her all the ways why she should come live with him. We will write a custom essay sample on Nymphs Reply or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Nymph Reply to the Shepherd was very negative and for that the tone was shown as a realistic and gloomy. For instance she replied to the Shepherd by saying his offers will fade and not stay forever. The gowns, thy shoes, thy bed of roses J The cap, thy circle, and thy posies J Soon break, non wither, soon forgotten/ in folly ripe, in reason rotten (Raleigh 13-16). Reading both of the poems showed that this poem was more real and seemed to question would he actually do all those things for her? I think that the reason for that is that the Shepherd and the Nymph had different point of views which made the Shepherds tone more ideal and happy and the Nymphs tone was realistic and gloomy. In these two poems, each speaker wanted to convince you with his point of view.In The Passionate Shepherd to His Love, the Shepherd wanted to convince the Nymph to come and live with him in the country, in which he offered his love and the gifts nature would give her, Come live with me and be my lov e(Marlowe 1). The Nymph Reply to the Shepherd was that she doubted his offers and didnt think that they were completely true because most of them will fade with time. These pretty pleasures might me move(Raleigh 3). I support the Nymphs reason to doubt the Shepherd offers, because she was realistic and reasonable whereas the Shepherds poem seemed less reasonable and more of a dream.